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81.
82.
Effects of 5-year application of municipal solid waste compost on the distribution and mobility of heavy metals in a Tunisian calcareous soil 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Walid Ben Achiba Noureddine Gabteni Abdelbasset Lakhdar Gijs Du Laing Marc Verloo Naceur Jedidi Tahar Gallali 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2009,130(3-4):156-163
It is obvious that the application of solid waste compost improves the soil fertility. These wastes, however, may also have some negative effects on the agricultural environment due to their metal content. This research aimed at evaluating the influence of Tunisian municipal solid waste compost and farmyard manure on some chemical properties and the distribution of heavy metals in a calcareous Tunisian soil (clayey–loamy soil). A field plot experiment, without vegetation, was installed since 1999 at the experimental farm of the Agronomic National Institute of Tunis (INAT) in the region of Mornag (20 km south of Tunis, Tunisia). During 5 years, the field received yearly the following treatments: 0, 40, 80 and 120 t/ha of municipal solid waste compost and 0, 40 and 120 t/ha of manure. The fractionation of heavy metals in the soil was evaluated after 5 years using a sequential extraction procedure. The application of the two amendments was found to increase the content of organic matter, the total nitrogen content and the electrical conductivity, whereas it slightly decreased the soil pH. The addition of manure did not have a significant effect on the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, whereas compost application increased the total concentration of heavy metals in the soil. The distribution of heavy metals between the different fractions in untreated and treated soils showed the residual fraction to be dominant, followed by the fraction bound to Fe and Mn oxides. The amount of Cu bound to the organic fraction increased with the application rate, which is probably caused by the formation of organic complexes. For the other metals, the increase of the association with organic matter is very limited. The application of compost moreover increases the amount of Zn associated with Fe and Mn oxides. The “Mobility Factor (MF)” was quite low and did not change after the 5-year application of the two organic amendments. It always remained lower than 10%, although for Cd it amounted to 17%. 相似文献
83.
84.
青岛市剩余污泥处置现状分析及资源化利用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了青岛市城市污水处理厂剩余污泥目前的产生情况及处置现状,对比分析了国内外先进的剩余污泥处置方法和技术。提出了适合青岛市剩余污泥资源化利用的途径和方法。剩余污泥既是污染物又是一种资源,污泥的处理、处置与资源化利用相结合才是其最好的出路。 相似文献
85.
文章主要对城市污泥好氧发酵产物用于草坪基质后,对草坪建植指标的影响,包括萌发密度、根重和盖度进行了分析。结果表明施用污泥发酵物对草坪萌发密度和根重无显著影响。盖度指标上,高施用量污泥发酵物表现出显著的提升效应。污泥发酵物的施入对成坪后基质的抗撕裂强度有一定程度降低,但对运输造成的基质完整性并无显著负面影响。 相似文献
86.
Fekadu Shemekite María Gómez-Brandón Ingrid H. Franke-Whittle Barbara Praehauser Heribert Insam Fassil Assefa 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(3):642-652
Various parameters were measured during a 90-day composting process of coffee husk with cow dung (Pile 1), with fruit/vegetable wastes (Pile 2) and coffee husk alone (Pile 3). Samples were collected on days 0, 32 and 90 for chemical and microbiological analyses. C/N ratios of Piles 1 and 2 decreased significantly over the 90 days. The highest bacterial counts at the start of the process and highest actinobacterial counts at the end of the process (Piles 1 and 2) indicated microbial succession with concomitant production of compost relevant enzymes. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of rDNA and COMPOCHIP microarray analysis indicated distinctive community shifts during the composting process, with day 0 samples clustering separately from the 32 and 90-day samples. This study, using a multi-parameter approach, has revealed differences in quality and species diversity of the three composts. 相似文献
87.
Sychrová E Štěpánková T Nováková K Bláha L Giesy JP Hilscherová K 《Environment international》2012,39(1):134-140
Here is presented some of the first information on interactions of compounds produced by cyanobacteria and green algae with estrogen receptor signaling. Estrogenic potency of aqueous extracts and exudates (culture spent media with extracellular products) of seven species of cyanobacteria (10 different laboratory strains) and two algal species were assessed by use of in vitro trans-activation assays. Compounds produced by cyanobacteria and algae, and in particular those excreted from the cells, were estrogenic. Most exudates were estrogenic with potencies expressed at 50% of the maximum response under control of the estrogen receptor ranging from 0.2 to 7.2 ng 17β-estradiol (E2) equivalents (EEQ)/L. The greatest estrogenic potency was observed for exudates of Microcystis aerigunosa, a common species that forms water blooms. Aqueous extracts of both green algae, but only one species of cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon gracile) elicited significant estrogenicity with EEQ ranging from 15 to 280 ng 17β-estradiol (E2)/g dry weight. Scenedesmus quadricauda exudates and extracts of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae were antagonistic to the ER when coexposed to E2. The EEQ potency was not correlated with concentrations of cyanotoxins, such as microcystin and cylindrospermopsin, which suggests that the EEQ was comprised of other compounds. The study demonstrates some differences between the estrogenic potency of aqueous extracts prepared from the same species, but of different origin, while the effects of exudates were comparable within species. The observed estrogenic potencies are important namely in relation to the possible mass expansion of cyanobacteria and release of the active compounds into surrounding water. 相似文献
88.
以猪粪稻秸为原料,设计超高温预处理温度(75,85,95℃)、时间(2,4,8h)和通风量(0.3,0.6,0.9L/kgTS·h)的三因素三水平正交试验,研究不同超高温预处理条件对猪粪稻秸理化特性及后续模拟堆肥腐殖质生成的影响,结果表明,温度、时间和通气量对猪粪稻秸后续高温堆肥腐殖化系数影响各不相同,各因素对后续好氧发酵累腐殖化系数的影响大小顺序为大小顺序为预处理时间 > 温度 > 通气量;最佳超高温预处理条件为:预处理温度为95℃,停留时间为4h,通气量为0.6L/(kgTS·h),与CK相比,最佳预处理参数下猪粪稻秸后续高温发酵60d腐殖化系数提高119%,腐殖质、胡敏酸含量分别增加105%、116%,而富里酸含量降低17.2%,结合预处理前后物料理化特性变化规律分析,表明超高温预处理促进了大分子有机物降解为可溶性有机碳,促进了木质纤维素组分降解溶出,促使其更多转化为多酚,同时增加了腐殖质前体还原糖、氨基酸的含量,从而有利于腐殖质的生成. 相似文献
89.
通过对太湖饮用水源地2个取水口水体中的蓝藻密度(CBD)和叶绿素(Chl)分别进行 YSI 6600-v2水质多参数仪和实验室显微镜检分析,探讨了CBD和Chl在预警工作中的应用.结果表明,在CBD与Chl相关性显著时期内,藻类群落结构相对稳定;CBD和Chl相关性不显著时期内,藻类群落结构变化较大.ρ(CBD)/ρ(... 相似文献
90.
In order to better understand the contribution of nutrients regeneration pathway, release potential and transformation pattern to cyanobacterial growth and succession, 7 sampling sites in Lake Chaohu with different bloom degree were studied every two months from February to November 2018. The carbon, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) forms or fractions in surface, interstitial water and sediments as well as extracellular enzymatic activities, P sorption, specific microbial abundance and community composition in sediments were analyzed. P regeneration pathway was dominated by iron-bound P desorption and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria solubilization in severe-bloom and slight-bloom area respectively, which both resulted in high soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) accumulation in interstitial water. However, in severe-bloom area, higher P release potential caused the strong P release and algal growth, compared to slight-bloom area. In spring, P limitation and N selective assimilation of Dolichospermum facilitated nitrate accumulation in surface water, which provided enough N source for the initiation of Microcystis bloom. In summer, the accumulated organic N in Dolichospermum cells during its bloom was re-mineralized as ammonium to replenish N source for the sustainable development of Microcystis bloom. Furthermore, SRP continuous release led to the replacement of Dolichospermum by Microcystis with the advantage of P quick utilization, transport and storage. Taken together, the succession from Dolichospermum to Microcystis was due to both the different forms of N and P in water column mediated by different regeneration and transformation pathways as well as release potential, and algal N and P utilization strategies. 相似文献